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      <doi>10.14455/ISEC.2026.13(2).CPS-01</doi>
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        <article-title>4D CHRONOGRAPHICAL SPATIOTEMPORAL MODELLING FOR CONSTRUCTION PROJECT PLANNING</article-title>
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      <author>ADEL FRANCIS</author>
      <aff>Construction Engineering Dept, ÉTS, Quebec Univ, Montreal, Canada<br /></aff>
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    <abstract>
      <title>ABSTRACT</title>
      <p>Effective construction project management requires visual planning methods tailored to the complexities of modern building projects.  Consequently, planning methods must aim to model site operations by integrating spatial, temporal, human, and material dimensions, while organizing their operational flows.  These models go beyond the simplistic logic of the traditional Gantt-Precedence diagram, which focuses on activities and their dependencies but often neglects spatial constraints and workflow sequences.  This study discusses the 4D Chronographic spatiotemporal modeling approach to meet this need. A model based on construction stages, deliverables, and milestones for planning, optimization, and control buildings projects.  These methods enable the integration of Lean Construction principles and the Last Planner System to promote collaborative planning and waste reduction.  Chronographic spatiotemporal modeling visually represents crew activity sequences, material flows, and equipment allocation, allowing for efficient labor rotation and linear production.  Furthermore, the automation of repetitive tasks and standardized planning for multi-story buildings optimize resource allocation and minimize site congestion.  This approach facilitates informed decision-making, improves coordination between workshops and construction sites, and enhances overall project efficiency, quality, and schedule compliance.</p>
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        <italic>Keywords: </italic>BIM, Lean, High-rise buildings, Scheduling, Gantt, Repetitive, Space planning</p>
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      <hpdf>CPS-01</hpdf>
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