<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<?xml-stylesheet href="client.xsl" type="text/xsl"?>
<article article-type="other">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id />
      <issn />
      <banner>
        <href>banner.jpg</href>
        <size width="100%" />
      </banner>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <doi>10.14455/ISEC.2026.13(2).STR-69</doi>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>NEAR-REAL-TIME SENSOR-DRIVEN SHELL FINITE ELEMENT SYNCHRONIZATION FOR STEEL BEAM DIGITAL TWINS</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <author>DIEGO HERMÓGENES<sup>1</sup> and MUHAMMAD K. RAHMAN<sup>2</sup></author>
      <aff>
        <sup>1</sup>Civil and Environmental Engineering Dept, King Fahd Univ of Petroleum &amp; Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia<br />
        <sup>2</sup>Interdisciplinary Research Center Construction and Building Materials, King Fahd Univ of Petroleum &amp; Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia<br />
      </aff>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <abstract>
      <title>ABSTRACT</title>
      <p>Real-time structural Digital Twins require numerical models that assimilate measurements while the physical system is being observed without sacrificing response fidelity.  This study evaluates a sensor-driven shell finite element synchronization strategy for quasi-static steel applications.  A Python-based Digital Twin Environment Application (DTEA) was coupled with ANSYS Mechanical APDL and the ANSYS Data Processing Framework.  During three-point bending tests, load, displacement, and strain data were acquired continuously in real time while DTEA updated the FEM online; no post-test replay was used.  All reported numerical results refer to SHELL181.  For three steel specimens, branch-aware moment-curvature validation gave curvature NRMSE values of 3.4-7.4% and peak-moment errors of -3.8 to -6.3%.  In the representative numerical benchmark, mean solver time increased from 1.01 s in the linear-elastic regime to 1.89 s during transition and 2.08 s in the fully plastic regime.  The same DTEA benchmark pathway showed increasing equilibrium-iteration demand with nonlinearity.  The results demonstrate real-time acquisition with near-real-time shell FEM state assimilation.  Reinforced-concrete testing is ongoing and is not evaluated here.</p>
      <p>
        <italic>Keywords: </italic>State assimilation, Structural monitoring, Nonlinear analysis, Solver performance, PyMAPDL, Experimental validation</p>
    </abstract>
    <fpdf>
      <href>../images/logo/pdflogo.jpg</href>
      <hpdf>STR-69</hpdf>
    </fpdf>
  </body>
</article>