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<doi>/ISEC.res.2017.11</doi>
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<article-title>SUSTAINABLE NITROGEN REMOVAL USING<br/>
APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES</article-title>
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<author>KRISHNANAND MAILLACHERUVU and DEREK HARTMANN</author>

<aff>Dept of Civil Engineering and Construction, Bradley University, Peoria, USA</aff>


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<abstract>
<title>ABSTRACT</title>
<p>Nitrogen and phosphorus are two major pollutants that lead to eutrophication,
adversely impact ecosystems, and lead to degradation of water quality, which impacts
human health and sustainability. Pollution from point sources like wastewater and
industry discharge is easier to control than non-point source pollution due to
agricultural runoff and related activities. The USEPA is considering more strict
standards for nitrogen and phosphorus discharge from point sources. The objective of
this study was to use an appropriate low-cost wastewater technology to demonstrate
removal of nitrogen from wastewater discharge using rotating biological contactors
(RBCs) using different C:N ratios. The first-order nitrogen removal rate constant was
found to be about 3.88 day-1 in experimental reactor systems, using RBC media from a
local wastewater treatment plant (Greater Peoria Sanitary District). Phase I
experiments, at C:N ratio of 2:1, with nitrogen removal rates of 60% in a single flow-
through system. Phase II experiments for the limited carbon availability condition
showed that the removal rate constant reduced by 30% and N-removal efficiency
dropped to around 48%. Modeling showed that even under these conditions, multiple
bioreactors operated in series could help achieve design treatment goals. The system
achieved stability within a week of operation. Economics and sustainability issues are
analyzed to determine if the process developed in this research is scalable to pilot- and
full-scale conditions.</p>
<p><italic>Keywords: </italic>Water quality, Pollution control, Rotating biological contactor, Nitrate,
Removal kinetics.</p>
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