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<doi>/ISEC.res.2017.38</doi>
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<article-title>CALCULATION OF “NORMAL” CONSTRUCTION<br/>
TIME FOR BUILDING CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS<br/>
WHILST CONSIDERING UNCERTAINTIES</article-title>
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<author>CHRISTIAN HOFSTADLER</author>

<aff>Institute of Construction Management and Economics, Graz University of Technology,<br/>
Graz, Austria</aff>


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<abstract>
<title>ABSTRACT</title>
<p>Construction time has a major influence both on the cost-efficient execution of
construction works and on the overall project outcome achieved by the client. Clients
would do themselves a disservice if they specified short or extremely short construction
periods for their projects. The same applies to time made available for project
preparation, particularly for the design and tender stages. Any project that is poorly
planned, tendered, and executed under time pressure will adversely affect actual
construction work but also the building’s use and possible reuse. Cost, time and
quality targets are at risk due to the resulting disruptions to the construction process.
Productivity is adversely affected not only by unduly short but also exceedingly long
construction times. Short or very short construction times have a major influence on
the efficient and effective utilization of production factors, including elementary
(workforce, materials, equipment and machinery) and discretionary factors (project
manager, site manager, technicians, etc.). This paper outlines the basic correlation
between construction time, labor consumption rates and productivity as well as
construction cost. Furthermore, it sets out to determine the influence of construction
time on costing and, consequently, on the construction process. A practical example
demonstrates how normal construction time can be calculated for reinforced concrete
works based on uncertain input parameters. In addition, the benefits of specifying
normal construction time for clients and contractors are outlined.</p>
<p><italic>Keywords: </italic>Monte Carlo simulation, Construction cost, Construction time, Chance/risk
ratio, Histogram.</p>
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<hpdf>CPM-25</hpdf>
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