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<doi>/ISEC.res.2017.77</doi>
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<article-title>CALCULATION OF THE LABOR CONSUMPTION<br/>
RATE FOR SHUTTERING WORKS WHILST<br/>
CONSIDERING UNCERTAINTIES</article-title>
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<author>CHRISTIAN HOFSTADLER and MARKUS KUMMER</author>

<aff>Institute of Construction Management and Economics, Graz University of Technology, Graz,<br/>
Austria</aff>


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<abstract>
<title>ABSTRACT</title>
<p>This paper focuses on the systematic consideration of uncertainties in calculating labor
consumption rates for shuttering works. The magnitude of labor consumption rates
results from a production system assessment. This paper outlines the basics of labor
consumption rates and important factors that influence their level. A specific value
must be selected at the end of any calculation. In labor-intensive activities, labor
consumption rates are highly significant for calculating construction time and cost. To
make important decisions, it is essential to know the chance/risk ratio relative to key
parameters. For any quotation, this ratio illustrates the chances or risks associated with
certain works and the entire project. To select the chance/risk ratio, existing
uncertainties must be integrated into the probabilistic calculation (using Monte Carlo
simulations) by distribution functions. The probabilistic calculation of labor
consumption rates therefore creates the basis for any conclusions regarding chances
and risks associated with specific costs or prices. Appropriate precautions can be taken
as part of systematically managing chances and risks. As a result, the process of
preparing and making decisions is characterized by a more systematic and target-driven
approach. Furthermore, decision reliability and transparency are improved. An
example of calculating the labor consumption rate for shuttering works demonstrates
the influence of the selected distribution functions on results. It also illustrates its
subsequent effect on the chance/risk ratio of adopted decisions.</p>
<p><italic>Keywords: </italic>Monte Carlo simulation, Chance/risk ratio, Histogram, Skewness.</p>
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