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<doi>/ISEC.res.2017.64</doi>
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<article-title>INNOVATIVE IMPLICIT FINITE DIFFERENCE<br/>
SOLUTION TO TIME RATE OF SETTLEMENT IN<br/>
CLAY</article-title>
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<author>AMIR W. AL-KHAFAJI</author>

<aff>Dept of Civil Engineering and Construction, Bradley University, Peoria, USA</aff>


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<abstract>
<title>ABSTRACT</title>
<p>The primary consolidation process in clay involves changes in excess pore water
pressure (EPWP) with time. The changes in the EPWP are related to permeability,
void ratio, and boundary conditions. Closed-form solutions for simple initial EPWP
have been published. Such solutions include simplifying assumptions and limited to
few impractical initial EPWP distributions. Generally, the initial EPWP encountered in
practice is complex, in which case, numerical methods are used. The finite differences
and the finite element methods are the primary tools employed in the analysis of
settlement behavior of fine-grained soils. Unfortunately, these methods suffer from
three main problems: (1) they require evaluation of EPWP vectors at each time
increment which results in a large number of calculations; (2) roundoff errors at each
time increment; and (3) the solution for a given initial EPWP distribution is achieved at
a predetermined integer time increment. An innovative explicit finite difference model
is proposed that will permit any initial EPWP distribution, substantially reduces the
number of calculations and roundoff errors.</p>
<p><italic>Keywords: </italic>Consolidation, Closed-form solution, Excess pore water pressure, Clay soil,
Fine-grained soils, Permeability, Roundoff errors.</p>
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