<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<?xml-stylesheet href="client.xsl" type="text/xsl"?>
<article article-type="other">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id/>
<issn/>
<banner>
<href>banner.jpg</href>
<size width="100%"/>
</banner>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<doi>/ISEC.res.2017.80</doi>
<title-group>
<article-title>NON-CRACKING TECHNIQUES FOR GROUTING</article-title>
</title-group>

<author>MIROSLAV TODOROV</author>

<aff>Structural Design Ltd., Sofia, Bulgaria</aff>


</article-meta></front>
<body>
<abstract>
<title>ABSTRACT</title>
<p>Techniques for improving the ground base have been used since ancient times. The
need of the geotechnical engineer to use zones with weak (cracked or high porosity)
soil poses new, increasingly complicated problems. The solutions must consider
requirements for the materials used and restrictions over the invasion. The use of
natural (inorganic) materials is an approach resulting from the low speed of the change
of the properties. The insignificant effect of the environment on the properties of the
materials to be grouted is unquestionable. Here we should consider a number of factors
connected with the anthropogenic conditions. An important aspect in the choice of
materials is the expected positive changes in the structure and properties of the natural
materials - improvement of soil skeleton structure, preservation of the migration of
water, filling saturation, decreasing the consolidation deformability and others. The
use of techniques for grouting with relatively small influence over the structure and
properties of the natural materials requires certain basic mechanical parameters. Here
we should pay attention to the scale of the interventions as a whole, the effect of which
is considerably smaller than in usual techniques for different deep foundations.
Another important aspect of these techniques is the economic effect, which creates
conditions for a number of optimizations concerning the use of small-scale resources,
by-products (colloidal clay, flay ash, lime, gypsum), small quantities of waste products,
short periods for realization and others.</p>
<p><italic>Keywords: </italic>Soil, Material characteristics, Specific parameters, Grouting techniques.</p>
</abstract>
<fpdf>
<href>pdflogo.jpg</href>
<hpdf>GFE-7</hpdf>
</fpdf>
</body>
</article>