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<doi>/ISEC.res.2017.103</doi>
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<article-title>CHARACTERISTICS OF FRESH MIXTURE OF A<br/>
NOVEL CEMENT-LESS WASTEPAPER-BASED<br/>
LIGHTWEIGHT BLOCK AND ITS MOLDING<br/>
PROCESSES</article-title>
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<author>ORIYOMI M. OKEYINKA, DAVID A. OLOKE, and JAMAL M. KHATIB</author>

<aff>School of Architecture and the Built Environment, University of Wolverhampton,<br/>
West Midlands, United Kingdom</aff>


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<abstract>
<title>ABSTRACT</title>
<p>Cement-less wastepaper-based lightweight block (CWLB) is an eco-friendly
lightweight non-loadbearing block newly developed from majorly waste materials. As
part of efforts to enable the understanding of its mixture proportioning and production
processes, this study presents the characteristics of its fresh mixture and its peculiar
molding process. The fresh mix characteristics studied include; the texture, density,
elastic modulus, percentage void/porosity and the peculiar molding process. The
laboratory experimentation conducted covers; the preparation of the CWLB mix (from
mixture of wastepaper aggregate (WPA), sand, waste additive, natural admixture and
water), determination of physical and deformation properties of the mix and the
molding of CWLB specimen. It was found that, for the mixes tested, the fresh mixture
of CWLB is fibrous in texture, voluminous in nature and exhibits an average loose bulk
density of 305.3 kg/m<sup>3</sup>. Also, average compacted bulk density of 857.6 kg/m<sup>3</sup> and
792.38 kg/m<sup>3</sup>, elastic modulus of 30.28 MPa and 28.38 MPa and percentage void of
77% and 76% (i.e., porosity of 0.77 and 0.76) were recorded for mixes containing 52%
and 36% sand content (measured by weight of WPA) respectively. The molding
procedure for CWLB was thus found to be slightly different from those available for
conventional masonry blocks in terms of relationship between the mold size, mixture
quantity and resulting specimen size. These findings therefore indicate the peculiarity
of the physical and deformation properties of the fresh mixture of CWLB and the
importance of awareness and understanding of same for efficient production of CWLB.
Future work will involve the development of suitable numerical expression for
determining the in-mold mass requirement for molding a typical CWLB sample and the
design of an innovative, undemanding, cost and energy efficient manufacturing kit for
CWLB.</p>
<p><italic>Keywords: </italic>Mix, Proportioning, Loose bulk density, Compacted bulk density, Elastic
modulus, Porosity, Texture, Waste additive, Sand, Wastepaper aggregate.</p>
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