The proper identification and classification of potential and inherent risks in construction processes are critical for the effective implementation of Job Safety Analyses (JSA), which aim to anticipate unsafe conditions and actions prior to task execution. The methodological process begins with a detailed breakdown of construction activities, followed by hazard identification and risk assessment, using Technical Prevention Note NTP 324 for structuring and NTP 330 for evaluation. Risks are assessed considering variables such as deficiency level, exposure, probability, and consequence, allowing the determination of appropriate intervention levels. Based on these results, the JSA is completed by incorporating specific preventive measures required by Ecuadorian labor safety regulations. Standardized procedures and direct observation of workers’ behavior, spatial organization, use of personal protective equipment, and tool operation support more accurate detection of hazardous conditions. A sample checklist aligned with NTP 330 is provided to facilitate risk evaluation. The resulting preventive and corrective measures are tailored to each task and process identified. The scientific contribution of this study lies in the integration of all these components into a unified methodological guide that supports the development of consistent, replicable, and regulation-compliant occupational risk prevention strategies for construction projects.