This paper examines the role of export-oriented industrialization as a tool for economic development in Ecuador. It argues that diversification of the export structure, supported by innovation and technological upgrading, is central to strengthening the manufacturing base and achieving sustained growth. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study combines policy analysis with quantitative time-series econometrics based on Ecuadorian and international data sources (Banco Central del Ecuador, CEPAL, UN Comtrade). Regression and causality tests demonstrate that greater export diversification is significantly associated with an expansion of the manufacturing sector’s share of GDP. Results suggest that diversification leads industrial growth rather than the reverse. The findings highlight opportunities for Ecuador to leverage modern industrial policy, while underscoring the importance of long-term incentives for innovation, finance, and skills development. The paper concludes with policy recommendations to foster an export base that is technologically intensive, resilient, and aligned with national development goals in the context of global competition and structural transformation challenges facing emerging economies.