The non-linear finite element method has been used for the analysis of a variety of non-traditional materials involving large deformations such as rubber, plastics, and soft tissues. In these types of nonlinear analysis, strain energy density functions are usually postulated that may incorporate dissipative internal variables to indicate micro-tearing and/or damage. One particular challenging area is plaque accumulation in cardiovascular and other arterial lumens that may partially or completely occlude blood flow, leading to coronary events such as stroke, myocardial infarction, or death. This paper describes the efficacy of a proposed high speed rotational atherectomy device for the removal of arterial plaque. The prototype design is based on the use of Finite Element Methods to evaluate the efficacy of a proposed high speed rotational atherectomy device for the removal of arterial plaque. Correlation between the numerical FEA model results and real world test results was achieved using a prototype device, a simulated arterial lumen with and without a fully deployed stent in the vascular lumen. The test results obtained by using the prototype high speed rotational atherectomy device to remove plaque in an arterial lumen with fully expanded stent are also presented in this paper.